The average lean adult has 40 billion fat cells, also called adipose
tissue. These cells safeguard vital organs, reserve energy, direct
hormones and release chemicals that affect brain function and
metabolism. According to Denise Grady of the New York Times, "In recent
years, biologists have begun calling fat an 'endocrine organ,' comparing
it to glands such as the thyroid and pituitary, which also release
hormones." An obese person has at least two or three times the amount of
normal fat cells, which continue to multiply and affect body function.
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